confound

//kənˈfaʊnd//
C1Frequency Level 11Formal
Visual representation of confound

Verb

confoundInfinitive
confoundPresent tense
confoundedPast tense
confoundedPast participle
confoundingPresent participle
confoundsThird-person singular
1

To cause surprise or confusion in someone, especially by acting against their expectations.

The magician's trick confounded the audience.

2

To prove a theory, expectation, or prediction wrong.

The unexpected results confounded the scientists' predictions.

3

To mix up or confuse one thing with another.

People often confound the two similar-looking words.