spine

//spaɪn//
B2Frequency Level 9Neutral
Visual representation of spine

Noun

spineSingular
spinesPlural
1

The series of vertebrae extending from the skull to the pelvis; the backbone.

She injured her spine in a car accident.

2

A sharp, pointed projection on a plant or animal, such as a thorn or quill.

The cactus has sharp spines that protect it from animals.

3

The part of a book's cover that encloses the bound edge of the pages, typically displaying the title and author.

The book's title is printed on the spine.

4

Strength of character; courage or determination.

She showed real spine by standing up to her critics.